Astronomers at the European Southern Observatory have identified the most massive stellar black hole ever found in the Milky Way. The black hole was discovered in data from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission. The black hole, named Gaia BH3, has a mass 33 times that of the Sun. The paper was published on the 16th in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Stellar black holes are formed by the collapse of massive stars, and previous black holes found in the Milky Way have averaged about 10 times the mass of the Sun. Even Cygnus X-1, the second most massive known stellar black hole in the Milky Way, is only 21 solar masses.
Remarkably, this black hole is very close to Earth, just 2,000 light-years away. Located in the constellation Aquila, it is the second closest known black hole to Earth.
Astronomers have found similar massive black holes outside the Milky Way and speculate that they may have formed from the collapse of stars and have few elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in their chemical composition. Astronomers think these so-called metal-poor stars lose less mass during their lifetimes, so they have more material left over after they die, creating a massive black hole. But evidence linking metal-poor stars directly to massive black holes has so far been lacking.
Pairs of stars tend to have similar compositions, which means Gaia BH3's companion holds important clues about the collapse to form this particular stellar black hole. The data showed that Gaia BH3's companion was a metal-poor star, suggesting that the star that collapsed to form Gaia BH3 was also metal-poor, as predicted.
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